ABSTRACT
The dual luciferase reporter gene system provides sensitive readout, while it relies on a constitutively-expressed control gene for readout normalization. However, most standard control reporter genes are not constitutively expressed under all conditions. Here, we report an effective method to construct a control reporter plasmid for the dual luciferase reporter gene system that would be suitable for hormone research in silkworm cell lines. First, we modified BmVgP78M, a stably-expressed constitutive promoter in silkworm cells by mutating its hormone-related element. Then, we constructed the pRL-VgP78M control reporter plasmid by replacing the SV40 promoter and chimeric intron sequences in pRL-SV40 with the BmVgP78M sequence. Finally, we confirmed that the pRL-VgP78M control reporter plasmid could be stably expressed in silkworm cell lines via cell transfection experiments, and it was unresponsive to the induction of ecdysone, juvenile hormone, or their transcription factors. We thus obtained a control reporter plasmid pRL-VgP78M that could be expressed stably and moderately in silkworm cells. It can be readily used as the control reporter plasmid of the dual luciferase reporter gene system for hormone research in silkworm cell lines. It will also provide a reference for construction of control reporter plasmids of dual luciferase reporter gene systems that are adaptable to cell lines isolated from other species.
ABSTRACT
An investigation of the special policies for chronic diseases in medical insurance for urban employees and residents has been conducted in 333 prefecture-level cities in China,and the results showed that 78％ of all cities included chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in medical reimbursement for urban employees and 57％ included CHB in medical reimbursement for urban residents.However,there are still some issues to be resolved,such as inconsistent descriptions of the diagnosis of CHB-related diseases,inconsistent diagnostic criteria,lack of standardization of reimbursement process,infringement of patient privacy,and inadequate dose prescribed for CHB patients in the outpatient service.Therefore,we suggested that the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security should introduce unified policies to include CHB in medical reimbursement,unify disease name and diagnostic criteria,standardize the reimbursement process for CHB,and increase the prescribed dose.
ABSTRACT
An investigation of the special policies for chronic diseases in medical insurance for urban employees and residents has been conducted in 333 prefecture-level cities in China,and the results showed that 78％ of all cities included chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in medical reimbursement for urban employees and 57％ included CHB in medical reimbursement for urban residents.However,there are still some issues to be resolved,such as inconsistent descriptions of the diagnosis of CHB-related diseases,inconsistent diagnostic criteria,lack of standardization of reimbursement process,infringement of patient privacy,and inadequate dose prescribed for CHB patients in the outpatient service.Therefore,we suggested that the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security should introduce unified policies to include CHB in medical reimbursement,unify disease name and diagnostic criteria,standardize the reimbursement process for CHB,and increase the prescribed dose.